Trie(发音类似 “try”)或者说 前缀树 是一种树形数据结构,用于高效地存储和检索字符串数据集中的键。这一数据结构有相当多的应用情景,例如自动补全和拼写检查。
请你实现 Trie 类:
Trie() 初始化前缀树对象。
void insert(String word) 向前缀树中插入字符串 word 。
boolean search(String word) 如果字符串 word 在前缀树中,返回 true(即,在检索之前已经插入);否则,返回 false 。
boolean startsWith(String prefix) 如果之前已经插入的字符串 word 的前缀之一为 prefix ,返回 true ;否则,返回 false 。
示例:
输入
[“Trie”, “insert”, “search”, “search”, “startsWith”, “insert”, “search”]
[[], [“apple”], [“apple”], [“app”], [“app”], [“app”], [“app”]]
输出
[null, null, true, false, true, null, true]
解释
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert(“apple”);
trie.search(“apple”); // 返回 True
trie.search(“app”); // 返回 False
trie.startsWith(“app”); // 返回 True
trie.insert(“app”);
trie.search(“app”); // 返回 True
提示:
1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000
word 和 prefix 仅由小写英文字母组成
insert、search 和 startsWith 调用次数 总计 不超过 3 * 10(4) 次
前缀树,节点中存放26个节点,一个标志位isEnd即可
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| class Trie { public: class node { public: node *children[26] = {nullptr}; bool isEnd; node(bool isEnd) : isEnd(isEnd) {} }; node *root; Trie() { root = new node(false); }
void insert(string word) { node *cur = root; for (char i : word) { if (cur->children[i - 'a'] == nullptr) cur->children[i - 'a'] = new node(false); cur = cur->children[i - 'a']; } cur->isEnd = true; }
node *searchNode(string &word) { node *cur = root; for (char i : word) { if (cur->children[i - 'a'] == nullptr) return nullptr; cur = cur->children[i - 'a']; } return cur; }
bool search(string word) { node *cur = searchNode(word); if (cur == nullptr) return false; return cur->isEnd; }
bool startsWith(string prefix) { node *cur = searchNode(prefix); if (cur == nullptr) return false; return true; } };
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或者使用压缩字典树
节点存储:每个节点存一个字符串 path,代表一段压缩后的路径。
分叉逻辑:
如果待插入字符串与当前节点 path 完全匹配,继续向下。
如果部分匹配,则需要在匹配中断处将当前节点分裂成父子两个节点。
子节点管理:使用 std::map<char, Node*>,首字母决定了走哪个分支。
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| class Trie { public: struct Node { string path; map<char, Node *> children; bool isEnd;
Node(string p, bool end) : path(p), isEnd(end) {} };
Node *root;
int getCommonPrefixLen(const string &s1, const string &s2) { int i = 0; while (i < s1.size() && i < s2.size() && s1[i] == s2[i]) { i++; } return i; } Trie() { root = new Node("", false); }
void insert(string word) { Node *curr = root; string s = word;
while (!s.empty()) { char firstChar = s[0]; if (curr->children.find(firstChar) == curr->children.end()) { curr->children[firstChar] = new Node(s, true); return; }
Node *child = curr->children[firstChar]; int commonLen = getCommonPrefixLen(child->path, s);
if (commonLen < child->path.size()) { string suffix = child->path.substr(commonLen); Node *splitNode = new Node(suffix, child->isEnd); splitNode->children = move(child->children);
child->path = child->path.substr(0, commonLen); child->isEnd = false; child->children.clear(); child->children[suffix[0]] = splitNode; }
if (commonLen < s.size()) { s = s.substr(commonLen); curr = child; } else { child->isEnd = true; return; } } root->isEnd = true; }
bool search(string word) { Node *curr = root; string s = word;
while (!s.empty()) { char firstChar = s[0]; if (curr->children.find(firstChar) == curr->children.end()) return false;
Node *child = curr->children[firstChar];
if (s.size() < child->path.size() || s.substr(0, child->path.size()) != child->path) { return false; }
s = s.substr(child->path.size()); curr = child; } return curr->isEnd; }
bool startsWith(string prefix) { Node *curr = root; string s = prefix;
while (!s.empty()) { char firstChar = s[0]; if (curr->children.find(firstChar) == curr->children.end()) return false;
Node *child = curr->children[firstChar]; int commonLen = getCommonPrefixLen(child->path, s); if (commonLen == s.size()) return true; if (s.size() < child->path.size() || s.substr(0, child->path.size()) != child->path) { return false; }
s = s.substr(child->path.size()); curr = child; } return true; } };
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